High-Throughput Screening for Ultrafast Photochemical Reaction Discovery.

High-repetition-rate lasers present an opportunity to extend ultrafast spectroscopy from a detailed probe of singular model photochemical systems to a routine analysis technique in training machine learning models to aid the design cycle of photochemical syntheses. We bring together innovations in line scan cameras and micro-electro-mechanical grating modulators with sample delivery via high-pressure liquid chromatography pumps to demonstrate a transient absorption spectrometer that can characterize photoreactions initiated with ultrashort ultraviolet pulses in a time scale of minutes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ability to rapidly screen an important class of photochemical system, pyrimidine nucleosides, can be used to explore the effect of conformational modification on the evolution of excited-state processes.

Synthesis of PMMA Microspheres with Tunable Diameters: Evaluation as a Template in the Synthesis of Tin Oxide Coatings.

The synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spheres with different sizes has been a challenge. PMMA has promise for future applications, e.g., as a template for preparing porous oxide coatings by thermal decomposition. Different amounts of SDS as a surfactant are used as an alternative to control PMMA microsphere size through the formation of micelles. The objectives of the study were twofold: firstly, to determine the mathematical relationship between SDS concentration and PMMA sphere diameter, and secondly, to assess the efficacy of PMMA spheres as templates for SnO2 coating synthesis and their impact on porosity. The study used FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques to analyze the PMMA samples, and SEM and TEM techniques were used for SnO2 coatings. The results showed that PMMA sphere diameter could be adjusted by varying the SDS concentration, with sizes ranging from 120 to 360 nm. The mathematical relationship between PMMA sphere diameter and SDS concentration was determined with a y = axb type equation. The porosity of SnO2 coatings was found to be dependent on the PMMA sphere diameter used as a template. The research concludes that PMMA can be used as a template to produce oxide coatings, such as SnO2, with tunable porosities.

Results of a strategy based on clinical observation of newborns at risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Serial clinical observation of asymptomatic newborns at risk of early-onset sepsis is an alternative option for which there is limited scientific evidence. AIMS: To evaluate the rate of protocol compliance, the impact on blood tests, percentage of hospitalizations and subsequent procedures, and course of diagnosed early-onset sepsis cases of a protocol based on serial clinical observation. METHODS: Retrospective observational study comparing an 18-month period under this protocol against a previous protocol based on laboratory tests. SUBJECTS: 6895 asymptomatic newborns with over 35 weeks of gestation. OUTCOME MEASURES: number of evaluations performed on each subject at risk, percentage of patients undergoing blood draws and hospitalization rates. RESULTS: Some of the evaluations included in the protocol were omitted in 51.6 % of the newborns undergoing the physical examinations. The implementation of this new approach was associated with a decrease in the percentage of patients undergoing blood draws from 16.8 % to 0.7 % (p < 0.001) with no differences in the progression of the five cases of sepsis studied in each period. The serial clinical observation protocol was associated with a significant increase in hospitalizations for suspected infection, although with no difference in the rate of lumbar punctures performed or antibiotic treatments administered. CONCLUSION: Compliance with the serial clinical observation protocol can be difficult. This approach often detects newborns with abnormal clinical data that are not explained by early-onset sepsis. Clinical observation is a safe option that minimizes the rate of blood draws.

Alteraciones del sueño y bruxismo / Sleep alterations and bruxism

El sueño es un requerimiento biológico para la vida, sus alteraciones o su ausencia pueden disminuir la calidad de vida, el estado anímico y funcional, afectando seriamente la salud. Un sueño placentero y reparador implica cursar por facetas de profundidad diversa y actividad neuronal compleja. En este artículo se intentan explicar las generalidades del proceso del sueño y algunos de sus trastornos que lo relacionan con aumento de la actividad de los músculos masticatorios (bruxismo). Son presentados aspectos clínicos y neuronales que inducen a un incremento de microdespertares como alteración del sueño, estimulando bruxismo nocturno y bruxismo asociado a apnea nocturna. Son discutidas las posibles relaciones bidireccionales entre bruxismo diurno y nocturno secundarias a modifi caciones en la cantidad y calidad del proceso del sueño. De la misma manera, son sugeridas algunas consideraciones semiológicas y nosológicas para el mejor manejo y control del bruxismo asociado a las alteraciones del sueño, bajo el diagnóstico, atención y supervisión de equipos de atención multi- e interdisciplinarios (AU)

Sleep is a biological requirement for life, its alterations or privation thereof may reduce a person's quality of life, his or her state of mind and physical functions, which signifi cantly aff ects their health. Pleasant and repairing sleep implies going through variable deepness sleep stages, and a complex neuronal activity. This article intends to explain the generalities of the sleep process and certain disorders, particularly those in connection with the activity of the mastication muscles (bruxism). Clinical and neuronal aspects are presented inducing an increase in micro-awakenings such as sleep alterations stimulating nocturnal and bruxism associated with sleep apnea. Bidirectional connections between diurnal and nocturnal bruxism are argued as secondary to changes in the amount and quality of the sleep process. In the same manner, certain considerations associated to semiology and nosology of the diverse bruxism manifestations are considered for the better handling and control of the bruxism associated with sleep alterations under the diagnosis attention and supervision of multi- and interdisciplinary teams (AU)

Apnea/hipopnea del sueño y bruxismo nocturno / Sleep apnea/hypopnea and night bruxism

Los eventos de apnea o hipopnea durante el proceso del sueño se caracterizan por una disminución o bloqueo de la respiración induciendo a un estado orgánico de hipooxigenación que a su vez induce a microdespertares en reacción fi siológica de protección del organismo. Durante estos eventos, el individuo transita de una fase profunda del sueño a una más superfi cial. La repetición de los eventos de apnea/hipopnea provoca que el sueño no sea reparador física y emocionalmente, además de provocar una hiperactividad motora de los músculos masticadores. induciendo un incremento en la frecuencia e intensidad de movimientos rítmicos masticatorios que eventualmente pueden promover daños musculares, articulares, mucosos y dentales. El incremento de los movimientos rítmicos mandibulares también se observa en bruxismo nocturno, lo que abre la posibilidad que haya un efecto sumatorio entre ellos. Para ambos tipos de padecimientos, la polisomnografía empleada en tiempos modernos es un procedimiento para evaluar las alteraciones del sueño, que puede demostrar que los microdespertares preceden a un incremento de manifestaciones del sistema nervioso autónomo, incluida la hiperactividad muscular, la cual puede provocar alteraciones orgánicas de tipo sistémico, además de episodios de apretamiento y rechinamiento dental (AU)

The events of apnea or hypopnea during the sleep process are characterized by a decrease or obstruction of respiration inducing an organic state of hypooxygenation that in turn induces micro-arousals as a physiological reaction to protect the organism. During these events, the individual transits from a deep sleep phase to a more superfi cial phase. The repetition of apnea/hypopnea events causes a sleep that is nor physically neither emotionally repairing; furthermore inducing a motor hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles which increases the frequency and intensity of rhythmic masticatory movements that can eventually promote muscular, joint (TMJ), mucous and dental damage. That increase of the rhythmic masticatory movements is also observed in sleep bruxism, which leaves open the possibility of observing a summation eff ect with sleep apnea. For this type of conditions, polysomnography is a procedure that assesses sleep disturbances and demonstrates that micro-arousal precedes an increase autonomic changes, including muscle hyperactivity, which eventually could cause organic systemic alterations, as well episodes of clenching and dental grinding (AU)

Impacto de los programas del organismo de nutrición infantil en la prevalencia de anemias en niños de la etnia wixárika en México / No disponible

No disponible

Lesions of the oral mucosa: an epidemiological study of 23785 Mexican patients.

This study is a cross-sectional report of oral mucosal lesions in 23785 patients more than 15 years of age who requested elective dental care in a dental school. Among the patients examined, the general lesion rate was 356.60 lesions per 1000 patients. Sixty-eight entities were identified, the lesions being more common among males. White, red, and ulcerated lesions were seen to predominate, associated mostly with chronic irritative causative factors. The prevalence rates of individual oral mucosal lesions ranged from 0.55 to 105.36 per 1000 patients examined. Age and sex assessment showed some differences in the type and presentation rates of the lesions. These and other epidemiological aspects are discussed.